Note: I originally wrote this article for the General Aviation Council of Hawaii Winter 2013 newsletter. The results weren’t quite what I expected, but still proved interesting. Instead of highlighting where turbulence occurs, the pilot reports instead highlighted areas where aircraft tend to fly (i.e., Oahu, mainly with reference to HNL or CKH). –JB
In the Winter 2012 newsletter, I talked about mechanical turbulence and mountain waves. Moderate turbulence is the most common reason for an AIRMET around the Main Hawaiian Islands. In the 12 year period from 2001 to 2012, an AIRMET for turbulence was in effect for at least a portion of the day for over half of the time. By contrast, an AIRMET for mountain obscuration/IFR conditions was in effect for less than a quarter of the time, and an AIRMET for icing was in effect for less than five percent of the time.
Even though turbulence is common, there is little specific information available as to where it occurs (other than “over and downwind of the mountains”). The National Weather Service in Honolulu will begin a project this summer to quantify where turbulence is most likely to be encountered. By taking pilot reports of turbulence and sorting them based on atmospheric stability and low-level wind fields, we will be able to map where turbulence occurs during different weather patterns.